C++ multiset cend
C++ multiset cend function is used to return a constant iterator which is next to the last entry in the multiset.
Note:- This is a placeholder. No element exists in this location and attempting to access is undefined behavior.
Syntax
const_iterator cend() const noexcept; //since C++ 11
A const_iterator is an iterator thacpp tutorials to constant content.
Parameter
Return value
The cend function returns a constant iterator which is pointing next to the last element of the multiset.
Complexity
Constant.
Iterator validity
No changes.
Data Races
The container is accessed.
Concurrently accessing the elements of a multiset container is safe.
Exception Safety
This member function never throws exceptions.
Example 1
Let's see the simple example for cend function:
#include <iostream>
#include <set>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
multiset<int> mymultiset = {20,20,30,40,10,10};
cout << "mymultiset contains:";
for (auto it=mymultiset.cbegin(); it != mymultiset.cend(); ++it)
cout << ' ' << *it;
cout << '\n';
return 0;
}
Output:
mymultiset contains: 10 10 20 20 30 40
In the above example, cend function is used to return an iterator pointing next to the last element in the mymultiset multiset.
Example 2
Let's see a simple example to find the element in the multiset:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <set>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
int val;
multiset<int> c = {10,20,30,30,20};
cout<<"Enter value to find: ";
cin>>val;
auto result = c.find(val);
//find until end of the multiset elements
if (result != c.cend()) {
cout << "Element found: "<< *result;
cout << endl;
} else {
cout << "Element not found." << endl;
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Enter value to find: 10
Element found: 10
Example 3
Let's see a simple example to iterate over the multiset using while loop:
#include <iostream>
#include <set>
#include <string>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
multiset<string> mymultiset = {"Orange", "Banana", "Apple", "Orange"};
multiset<string>::const_iterator it; // declare an iterator
it = mymultiset.cbegin(); // assign it to the start of the multiset
while (it != mymultiset.cend()) // while it hasn't reach the end
{
cout << *it <<endl;
// print the value of the element icpp tutorials to
++it; // and iterate to the next element
}
cout << endl;
}
Output:
Apple
Banana
Orange
Orange
In the above example, cend function is used to return an iterator pointing next to the last element in the mymultiset multiset.
Example 4
Let's see a simple example:
#include <iostream>
#include <set>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
multiset<int> c = {3, 1, 2, 1};
for_each(c.cbegin(), c.cend(), [](const int& x) {
cout << x << endl;
});
return 0;
}
Output:
1
1
2
3
In the above example, cend function is used to return an iterator pointing next to the last element in the mymultiset multiset.