C++ Operators

In C++, operators are unique symbols utilized to carry out actions on variables and values as operands. Operators play a crucial role in all programming languages, enabling a wide range of operations such as arithmetic calculations, assigning values, bitwise manipulations, and logical evaluations.

C++ Operators Example

Let's consider a simple example to demonstrate operators in C++.

Example

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

    int a = 20;

int b = 30;

 int c = a + b;

cout << "c: " << c<< endl; 

return 0;

}

Output:

Types of Operators

There are following types of operators to perform different types of operations in C++ language.

• ✅ Arithmetic Operators
• ✅ Relational Operators
• ✅ Logical Operators
• ✅ Bitwise Operators
• ✅ Assignment Operators
• ✅ Ternary or Conditional Operators
• ✅ Misc Operators

Here, we will explore each of these C++ operators individually, detailing their categories and providing illustrative examples.

1. Arithmetic Operators:

In C++, arithmetic calculations are primarily used to carry out mathematical computations (such as (+) addition, (-) subtraction, (*) multiplication, (/) division) on the given values. These arithmetic computations in C++ are divided into two groups: binary and unary operators. Below is a table illustrating the functionality of these operators in C++:

Arithmetic Operators Example:

Let's consider a C++ program that performs arithmetic calculations using operators.

Example

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

    int x = 15, y = 4;

    

 int add = x + y;

 int sub = x - y;

 int multipli = x * y;

 int division = x / y;

 int modulus = x % y;

 int increment = ++x;

 int decrement = --x;

 cout << "Addition: " << add << endl; // 15 + 4 = 19 

 cout << "Subtraction: " << sub << endl; // 15 - 4 = 11

 cout << "Multiplication: " << multipli << endl; // 15 * 4 = 60

 cout << "Division: " << division << endl; // 15 / 4 = 3 (Quotient)

 cout << "Modulus: " << modulus << endl; // 15 / 4 = 3 (Here, 3 is Remainder)

 cout << "Increment: " << increment <<endl; // 1+ 15 = 16 (Here, the value of x is 16)

 cout << "Decrement: " << decrement <<endl; // 16 - 1 = 15

}

Output:

Addition: 19

Subtraction: 11

Multiplication: 60

Division: 3

Modulus: 3

Increment: 16

Decrement: 15

2. Relational Operators:

In C++, relational operators are primarily used to evaluate the values of two operands. They yield outcomes in Boolean values (0 and 1). In case the evaluation is correct, it yields a value of 1. Conversely, if the evaluation is incorrect, it yields a value of 0. Various operators fall under relational operators. The table below illustrates the functionality of these operators in C++:

C++ Operators MCQs:

1. What is the main role of the assignment operator (=) in C++?

• ✅ To perform addition operation
• ✅ To compare two values
• ✅ To assign a value to a variable
• ✅ To perform Decrement operation

(c) To assign a value to a variable

What is the result of the 7 << 4 Expression in C++?

1. What is the result of the code snippet below:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

    int x;

    x = 12 - 2 + 3 * 7;

    cout << "x: " << x;

    return 0;

}

(a) 31

1. What is the expected result of executing the code snippet provided below?

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

    int x = 18, y = 25, z;

    z = (x < y) ? x : y;

    cout << z;

    return 0;

}

1. What is the main purpose of the comma operator (,) in C++?

• ✅ Used to compare two values
• ✅ Used to run two or more expressions in sequence
• ✅ Used to separate variables in declarations
• ✅ Used to separate functions arguments

Rewritten: Utilized for executing multiple expressions sequentially