It may require a considerable amount of time to solve this issue manually, and the duration could vary based on the matrix's characteristics. While resolving a 2x2 matrix problem can be swiftly accomplished within a five-minute timeframe, tackling larger index sizes exceeding 3 or matrices with varying indexes can pose greater complexity. To expedite the process, you have the option to streamline your solutions by simply specifying key parameters related to the matrix type and its elements.
Current Scenario
While the existing system does provide computational strategies for performing matrix multiplications, it is limited in its capability to handle matrices of varying sizes. This method is specifically designed for matrices with two-dimensional index sizes and cannot accommodate matrices with diverse index sizes. Moreover, it enables users to calculate the product of two 2x2 matrices; however, it lacks the functionality to validate results for matrices larger than 2. Additionally, users are unable to view the input elements alongside the final results, hindering the ability to cross-verify the submitted data.
Problem this project will solve
Any desired matrix dimension can be generated by leveraging the current matrix multiplication methodology. Prior to inputting the numerical values for a specific matrix, individuals will also be provided with the choice to specify the matrix dimension. Once the dimensions for both matrices have been defined, users can proceed with entering the values for each matrix. This streamlined approach eliminates the need for additional manual inputs as the algorithm displayed on the back of the screen takes care of the subsequent processes. It is capable of displaying the resultant outcomes as well as detailed information from each matrix.
Program Breakdown
void readMatrix(int array[10][10], int rows, int colums);
void printMatrix(int array[10][10], int rows, int colums);
void matrixAddSub(int arrayone[10][10], int arraytwo[10][10], int rows, int colums, int mul);
void matrixScalarMultiply(int array[10][10], int scalar, int rows, int colums);
void matrixMultiply(int arrayone[10][10], int arraytwo[10][10], int rowsA, int columsA, int columsB);
In our software, we define custom functions such as a function for reading matrices called readMatrix, a function for printing matrices known as printMatrix, a function for adding and subtracting matrices referred to as matrixAddSub, and a function for multiplying matrices named matrixScalarMultiply.
printf("\nOperation Menu\n");
printf("\t1. to Add\n");
printf("\t2. to Subtract\n");
printf("\t3. to Scalar Multiply\n");
printf("\t4. to Multiply two matrices\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf(" %d", &operation);
In the primary function of our software, users are presented with various choices such as addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, and matrix multiplication.
case 1:
printf("\nEnter the #rows and #cols for matrix A: ");
scanf("%d%d", &rowA, &colA);
printf("Enter the #rows and #cols for matrix B: ");
scanf("%d%d", &rowB, &colB);
while ((rowA != rowB) && (colA != colB)){
printf("\nMatrices must be the same size\n");
printf("\nEnter the #rows and #cols for matrix A: ");
scanf("%d%d", &rowA, &colA);
printf("Enter the #rows and #cols for matrix B: ");
scanf("%d%d", &rowB, &colB);
}
printf("\n\tEnter elements of Matrix A a %d x %d matrix.\n", rowA, colA); // with the %d we remember the user the dimensions of the array
readMatrix(matrixA, rowA, colA);
printf("\n\t\tMatrix A\n\n");
printMatrix(matrixA, rowA, colA);
printf("\n\tEnter elements of Matrix B a %d x %d matrix.\n", rowB, colB); // with the %d we remember the user the dimensions of the array
readMatrix(matrixB, rowB, colB);
printf("\n\t\tMatrix B\n\n");
printMatrix(matrixB, rowB, colB);
printf("\nThe Sum of matrixA + matrixB is : \n");
matrixAddSub(matrixA, matrixB, rowA, colA, add);
break;
If a user selects any option, the system will prompt for the input of the elements of the 2 matrices to be added under all circumstances.
void readMatrix(int array[10][10], int rows, int colums){
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++){
printf("\t%d entries for row %d: ", colums, i + 1);
for (j = 0; j < colums; j++){
scanf("%d", &array[i][j]);
}
}
return;
}
The readMatrix function above is responsible for reading the matrix components provided by the user.
void printMatrix(int array[10][10], int rows, int colums){
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < colums; j++){
printf("\t%d", array[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
The function mentioned above is responsible for displaying the matrix provided by the user.
void matrixAddSub(int arrayone[10][10], int arraytwo[10][10], int rows, int colums, int mul){
int i, j;
int sumM[10][10];
int scaM[10][10];
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++){
for (j = 0; j < colums; j++){
scaM[i][j] = mul * arraytwo[i][j];
}
}
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++){
for (j = 0; j < colums; j++){
sumM[i][j] = arrayone[i][j] + scaM[i][j];
printf("\t%d", sumM[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
If the user opts to include the addition operation, the mentioned function will execute to sum up the elements of the two matrices.
void matrixScalarMultiply(int array[10][10], int scalar, int rows, int colums){
int i, j;
int scaM[10][10];
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++){
for (j = 0; j < colums; j++){
scaM[i][j] = scalar * array[i][j];
printf("%d\t", scaM[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
If the user opts for scalar multiplication, the function mentioned above will be executed.
void matrixMultiply(int arrayone[10][10], int arraytwo[10][10], int rowsA, int columsA,int columsB){
int i, j, k;
int mulM[10][10];
// Initializing all elements of result matrix to 0
for (i = 0; i<rowsA; ++i)
for (j = 0; j<columsB; ++j)
{
mulM[i][j] = 0;
}
// Multiplying matrices a and b and
// storing result in result matrix
for (i = 0; i<rowsA; ++i)
for (j = 0; j<columsB; ++j)
for (k = 0; k<columsA; ++k)
{
mulM[i][j] += arrayone[i][k] * arraytwo[k][j];
}
printf("\nOutput Matrix:\n");
for (i = 0; i<rowsA; ++i)
for (j = 0; j<columsB; ++j)
{
printf("\t%d ", mulM[i][j]);
if (j == columsB - 1)
printf("\n\n");
}
}
If the user chooses to perform multiplication, the aforementioned function will be executed to multiply the elements of the two matrices and display the outcome.
Program for Matrix Calculator in C++
#include <stdio.h>
//User Defined Function Declaration
void readMatrix(int array[10][10], int rows, int colums);
void printMatrix(int array[10][10], int rows, int colums);
void matrixAddSub(int arrayone[10][10], int arraytwo[10][10], int rows, int colums, int mul);
void matrixScalarMultiply(int array[10][10], int scalar, int rows, int colums);
void matrixMultiply(int arrayone[10][10], int arraytwo[10][10], int rowsA, int columsA, int columsB);
int main(void){
int i, j, k; //used in for loops
int matrixA[10][10]; // initialized at 10 just to have it initialized
int matrixB[10][10];
int rowA, colA;
int rowB, colB;
int operation;//used in swtich statements
char again = 'Y';
int scalar = 0;
int add = 1;
int sub = -1;
while (again == 'Y'){
//this is the operation menu just type A, B, C or D to calculate
printf("\nOperation Menu\n");
printf("\t1. to Add\n");
printf("\t2. to Subtract\n");
printf("\t3. to Scalar Multiply\n");
printf("\t4. to Multiply two matrices\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf(" %d", &operation);
switch (operation){
case 1:
printf("\nEnter the #rows and #cols for matrix A: ");
scanf("%d%d", &rowA, &colA);
printf("Enter the #rows and #cols for matrix B: ");
scanf("%d%d", &rowB, &colB);
while ((rowA != rowB) && (colA != colB)){
printf("\nMatrices must be the same size\n");
printf("\nEnter the #rows and #cols for matrix A: ");
scanf("%d%d", &rowA, &colA);
printf("Enter the #rows and #cols for matrix B: ");
scanf("%d%d", &rowB, &colB);
}
printf("\n\tEnter elements of Matrix A a %d x %d matrix.\n", rowA, colA); // with the %d we remember the user the dimensions of the array
readMatrix(matrixA, rowA, colA);
printf("\n\t\tMatrix A\n\n");
printMatrix(matrixA, rowA, colA);
printf("\n\tEnter elements of Matrix B a %d x %d matrix.\n", rowB, colB); // with the %d we remember the user the dimensions of the array
readMatrix(matrixB, rowB, colB);
printf("\n\t\tMatrix B\n\n");
printMatrix(matrixB, rowB, colB);
printf("\nThe Sum of matrixA + matrixB is : \n");
matrixAddSub(matrixA, matrixB, rowA, colA, add);
break;
case 2:
printf("\nEnter the #rows and #cols for matrix A: ");
scanf("%d%d", &rowA, &colA);
printf("Enter the #rows and #cols for matrix B: ");
scanf("%d%d", &rowB, &colB);
while ((rowA != rowB) && (colA != colB)){
printf("\nMatrices must be the same size\n");
printf("\nEnter the #rows and #cols for matrix A: ");
scanf("%d%d", &rowA, &colA);
printf("Enter the #rows and #cols for matrix B: ");
scanf("%d%d", &rowB, &colB);
}
printf("\n\tEnter elements of Matrix A a %d x %d matrix.\n", rowA, colA); // with the %d we remember the user the dimensions of the array
readMatrix(matrixA, rowA, colA);
printf("\n\t\tMatrix A\n\n");
printMatrix(matrixA, rowA, colA);
printf("\n\tEnter elements of Matrix B a %d x %d matrix.\n", rowB, colB); // with the %d we remember the user the dimensions of the array
readMatrix(matrixB, rowB, colB);
printf("\n\t\tMatrix B\n\n");
printMatrix(matrixB, rowB, colB);
printf("\nThe difference between matrixA - matrixB is : \n");
matrixAddSub(matrixA, matrixB, rowA, colA, sub);
break;
case 3:
printf("\nEnter the scalar: ");
scanf("%d", &scalar);
printf("\nThe scalar is: %d ", scalar);
printf("\nEnter the #rows and #cols for matrix A: ");
scanf("%d%d", &rowA, &colA);
printf("\n\tEnter elements of Matrix A a %d x %d matrix.\n", rowA, colA); // with the %d we remember the user the dimensions of the array
readMatrix(matrixA, rowA, colA);
printf("\n\t\tMatrix A\n\n");
printMatrix(matrixA, rowA, colA);
printf("\nThe scalar multiplication between matrixA * %d is: \n", scalar);
matrixScalarMultiply(matrixA, scalar, rowA, colA);
break;
case 4:
//when multiplying arrays matrixA column # has to equal matrixB row #
printf("\nEnter the #rows and #cols for matrix A: ");
scanf("%d%d", &rowA, &colA);
printf("Enter the #rows and #cols for matrix B: ");
scanf("%d%d", &rowB, &colB);
// Column of first matrix should be equal to column of second matrix and
while (colA != rowB)
{
printf("\n\nError! column of first matrix not equal to row of second.\n\n");
printf("\nEnter the #rows and #cols for matrix A: ");
scanf("%d%d", &rowA, &colA);
printf("Enter the #rows and #cols for matrix B: ");
scanf("%d%d", &rowB, &colB);
}
// Storing elements of first matrix.
printf("\n\tEnter elements of Matrix A a %d x %d matrix.\n", rowA, colA); // with the %d we remember the user the dimensions of the array
readMatrix(matrixA, rowA, colA);
printf("\n\t\tMatrix A\n\n");
printMatrix(matrixA, rowA, colA);
// Storing elements of second matrix.
printf("\n\tEnter elements of Matrix B a %d x %d matrix.\n", rowB, colB); // with the %d we remember the user the dimensions of the array
readMatrix(matrixB, rowB, colB);
printf("\n\t\tMatrix A\n\n");
printMatrix(matrixB, rowB, colB);
//multiplyng arrays
matrixMultiply(matrixA, matrixB, rowA, colA, colB);
break;
default:
printf("\nIncorrect option! Please choose a number 1-4.");
break;
}
printf("\n\nDo you want to calculate again? Y/N\n");
scanf(" %c", &again);
again = toupper(again);
}
printf("\n\nGoodbye!\n\n");
return 0;
}
//User Defined Function Definition
void readMatrix(int array[10][10], int rows, int colums){
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++){
printf("\t%d entries for row %d: ", colums, i + 1);
for (j = 0; j < colums; j++){
scanf("%d", &array[i][j]);
}
}
return;
}
void printMatrix(int array[10][10], int rows, int colums){
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < colums; j++){
printf("\t%d", array[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
void matrixAddSub(int arrayone[10][10], int arraytwo[10][10], int rows, int colums, int mul){
int i, j;
int sumM[10][10];
int scaM[10][10];
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++){
for (j = 0; j < colums; j++){
scaM[i][j] = mul * arraytwo[i][j];
}
}
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++){
for (j = 0; j < colums; j++){
sumM[i][j] = arrayone[i][j] + scaM[i][j];
printf("\t%d", sumM[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
void matrixScalarMultiply(int array[10][10], int scalar, int rows, int colums){
int i, j;
int scaM[10][10];
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++){
for (j = 0; j < colums; j++){
scaM[i][j] = scalar * array[i][j];
printf("%d\t", scaM[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
void matrixMultiply(int arrayone[10][10], int arraytwo[10][10], int rowsA, int columsA,int columsB){
int i, j, k;
int mulM[10][10];
// Initializing all elements of result matrix to 0
for (i = 0; i<rowsA; ++i)
for (j = 0; j<columsB; ++j)
{
mulM[i][j] = 0;
}
// Multiplying matrices a and b and
// storing result in result matrix
for (i = 0; i<rowsA; ++i)
for (j = 0; j<columsB; ++j)
for (k = 0; k<columsA; ++k)
{
mulM[i][j] += arrayone[i][k] * arraytwo[k][j];
}
printf("\nOutput Matrix:\n");
for (i = 0; i<rowsA; ++i)
for (j = 0; j<columsB; ++j)
{
printf("\t%d ", mulM[i][j]);
if (j == columsB - 1)
printf("\n\n");
}
}
Output:
Operation Menu
1. to Add
2. to Subtract
3. to Scalar Multiply
4. to Multiply two matrices
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the #rows and #cols for matrix A: 2 2
Enter the #rows and #cols for matrix B: 2 2
Enter elements of Matrix A a 2 x 2 matrix.
2 entries for row 1: 1 2
2 entries for row 2: 3 4
Matrix A
1 2
3 4
Enter elements of Matrix B a 2 x 2 matrix.
2 entries for row 1: 5 6
2 entries for row 2: 7 8
Matrix B
5 6
7 8
The Sum of matrixA + matrixB is :
6 8
10 12
Do you want to calculate again? Y/N
Y
Enter your choice: 2
Enter the #rows and #cols for matrix A: 2 2
Enter the #rows and #cols for matrix B: 2 2
Enter elements of Matrix A a 2 x 2 matrix.
2 entries for row 1: 1 2
2 entries for row 2: 3 4
Matrix A
1 2
3 4
Enter elements of Matrix B a 2 x 2 matrix.
2 entries for row 1: 5 6
2 entries for row 2: 7 8
Matrix B
5 6
7 8
The difference between matrixA - matrixB is :
-4 -4
-4 -4
Do you want to calculate again? Y/N
Y
Enter your choice: 3
Enter the scalar: 2
The scalar is: 2
Enter the #rows and #cols for matrix A: 2 2
Enter elements of Matrix A a 2 x 2 matrix.
2 entries for row 1: 1 2
2 entries for row 2: 3 4
Matrix A
1 2
3 4
The scalar multiplication between matrixA * 2 is:
2 4
6 8
Enter your choice: 4
Enter the #rows and #cols for matrix A: 2 2
Enter the #rows and #cols for matrix B: 1 2
Error! column of first matrix not equal to row of second.
Enter the #rows and #cols for matrix A: 1 2
Enter the #rows and #cols for matrix B: 3 4
Error! column of first matrix not equal to row of second.