The HybridDictionary class within the "System.Collections.Specialized" namespace of C# offers a hybrid data structure that merges functionalities from both a list and a dictionary.
The HybridDictionary class is an integral component of the .NET Framework, offering a versatile data structure to store key-value pairs. This structure is referred to as hybrid due to its ability to switch between a dictionary-based and a list-based implementation depending on the size of the collection.
HybridDictionary strives to optimize its hashtable functionality. It combines the use of hash tables and linked lists within its implementation. When dealing with large collections, it utilizes a Hashtable, while for smaller collections, it employs a ListDictionary.
Key Features of HybridDictionary:
One of the primary aspects of the HybridDictionary in C# is its capability for dynamic behavior.
The HybridDictionary stores key-value pairs in a simple list structure for multiple items.
As the dataset expands, it seamlessly transitions to a dictionary based on hash tables to enhance efficiency.
- Key-Value Pairs
It enables us to employ key-value pairs similar to a standard dictionary for storing and accessing data.
- Order Maintenance
In contrast to conventional dictionaries, the HybridDictionary preserves the sequence of elements according to their insertion, which is advantageous in situations where the arrangement of elements holds significance.
It is particularly effective for managing small collections.
The array-based format proves to be more memory-conscious when handling limited sets, preventing the additional costs tied to hashmaps.
- Hash Table Usage for Extensive Collections
As the quantity of items in the collection increases, the HybridDictionary transitions to utilizing a hashtable, resulting in quicker search times for bigger datasets.
Use Cases of HybridDictionary:
There are multiple scenarios where the HybridDictionary in C# can be applied, including but not limited to:
- Managing Dynamic Data Sets
It is applicable in situations where the quantity of items in a collection is unpredictable and subject to change.
- Managing Memory and Optimizing Performance
It is effective in situations where maintaining a trade-off between memory consumption and search speed is essential.
- A fusion of List and Hashtable
It merges the advantages of a basic list and a hashtable, adjusting to the attributes of the dataset.
Properties of the HybridDictionary class
There are various attributes of the HybridDictionary in C#. Several of these properties include:
1. Count
It retrieves the count of key-value pairs stored within the HybridDictionary.
The quantity of key-value pairs within the Dictionary can be determined by accessing the Count property of the HybridDictionary class in C#. The total number of elements stored in the HybridDictionary is presented as an integer value. This particular property is included in the standard collection of properties that offer insights into the Dictionary's current status.
Syntax:
It has the following syntax:
int count = hybridDictionary.Count;
Example:
Let's consider a scenario to demonstrate the Count attribute of HybridDictionary in C#.
using System;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
class C# Tutorial
{
static void Main()
{
// Creating a HybridDictionary
HybridDictionary hybrid_Dict = new HybridDictionary();
// Adding key-value pairs
hybrid_Dict.Add("Mango", 1);
hybrid_Dict.Add("Banana", 2);
hybrid_Dict.Add("Orange", 3);
hybrid_Dict.Add("Grapes", 4);
// Accessing the Count property
int number_Of_Elements = hybrid_Dict.Count;
Console.WriteLine("The number of elements in the HybridDictionary is: " + number_Of_Elements);
}
}
Output:
The number of elements in the HybridDictionary is: 4
Explanation:
In this instance, the quantity of key-value pairs within the HybridDictionary is retrieved by accessing the Count property. Subsequently, the variable named numberOfElements will be assigned the value of 4 subsequent to the insertion of four key-value pairs.
2. IsFixedSize
The Boolean property IsFixedSize within the C# HybridDictionary class determines if the size of the HybridDictionary is unchangeable. When IsFixedSize is set to true, it signifies that the HybridDictionary's size remains constant after its creation.
Syntax:
It has the following syntax:
bool isFixedSize = hybridDictionary.IsFixedSize;
Example:
Let's consider a scenario to demonstrate the IsFixedSize attribute of a HybridDictionary in C#.
using System;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
class C# Tutorial
{
static void Main()
{
// Creating a HybridDictionary
HybridDictionary hybrid_Dict = new HybridDictionary();
// Adding key-value pairs
hybrid_Dict.Add("one", 1);
hybrid_Dict.Add("two", 2);
// Checking if the HybridDictionary has a fixed size
bool isFixedSize = hybrid_Dict.IsFixedSize;
Console.WriteLine("Is the HybridDictionary fixed size? " + isFixedSize);
// Attempting to add a new key-value pair to a fixed-size HybridDictionary
try
{
hybrid_Dict.Add("three", 3); // This will throw an exception if IsFixedSize is true
}
catch (NotSupportedException ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("Exception: " + ex.Message);
}
}
}
Output:
Is the HybridDictionary fixed size? False
Explanation:
In this instance, the HybridDictionary's immovable capacity is established by inspecting the IsFixedSize attribute. If this property indicates true, any endeavor to include or delete dictionary components will trigger a NotSupportedException. In this scenario, once the IsFixedSize property is verified, trying to insert a fresh key-value association will lead to an exception.
3. IsReadOnly
The IsReadOnly attribute within the HybridDictionary class in C# is a boolean value that signifies if the HybridDictionary is in a read-only state. When IsReadOnly is true, any attempts to alter the HybridDictionary, such as adding, removing, or modifying elements, will be prohibited.
Syntax:
It has the following syntax:
bool isReadOnly = hybridDictionary.IsReadOnly;
Example:
Let's consider a scenario to demonstrate the functionality of the IsReadOnly property of the HybridDictionary in C#.
using System;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
class C# Tutorial
{
static void Main()
{
// Creating a HybridDictionary
HybridDictionary hybrid_Dict = new HybridDictionary();
// Adding key-value pairs
hybrid_Dict.Add("one", 1);
hybrid_Dict.Add("two", 2);
// Checking if the HybridDictionary is read-only
bool isReadOnly = hybrid_Dict.IsReadOnly;
Console.WriteLine("Is the HybridDictionary read-only? " + isReadOnly);
// Attempting to add a new key-value pair to a read-only HybridDictionary
try
{
hybrid_Dict.Add("three", 3); // This will throw an exception if IsReadOnly is true
}
catch (NotSupportedException ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("Exception: " + ex.Message);
}
}
}
Output:
Is the HybridDictionary read-only? False
Explanation:
To check if the HybridDictionary is in a read-only state, we use the IsReadOnly property in this instance. If the property indicates that the dictionary is indeed read-only, any attempt to alter it, such as adding a new key-value pair, will trigger a NotSupportedException. Once we confirm the IsReadOnly status, any endeavor to append a new key-value pair will lead to an exception being thrown.
4. isSynchronized
The IsSynchronized attribute of the HybridDictionary class in C# is a boolean feature that signifies the synchronization status of accessing the HybridDictionary. When IsSynchronized is true, it denotes that the HybridDictionary is structured for secure utilization in a multi-threaded setting, with its functionalities synchronized to uphold correct behavior in scenarios where numerous threads are interacting with or adjusting the Dictionary simultaneously.
Syntax:
It has the following syntax:
bool isSynchronized = hybridDictionary.IsSynchronized;
Example:
Let's consider a scenario to demonstrate the IsSynchronized attribute of HybridDictionary in C#.
using System;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Threading;
class C# Tutorial
{
static void Main()
{
// Creating a HybridDictionary
HybridDictionary hybrid_Dict = new HybridDictionary();
// Adding key-value pairs
hybrid_Dict.Add("one", 1);
hybrid_Dict.Add("two", 2);
// Checking if the HybridDictionary is synchronized
bool isSynchronized = hybrid_Dict.IsSynchronized;
Console.WriteLine("Is the HybridDictionary synchronized? " + isSynchronized);
// Modifying the HybridDictionary in a multi-threaded scenario
if (isSynchronized)
{
//Access to the HybridDictionary is synchronized
lock (hybrid_Dict.SyncRoot)
{
// Perform thread-safe operations here
hybrid_Dict.Add("three", 3);
}
}
else
{
// If not synchronized, you need to manually synchronize Access in a multi-threaded scenario
Console.WriteLine("Warning: The HybridDictionary is not synchronized. Manual synchronization may be required.");
}
}
}
Output:
Is the HybridDictionary synchronized? False
Warning: The HybridDictionary is not synchronized. Manual synchronization may be required.
Explanation:
In this instance, the HybridDictionary is crafted for synchronized access, with its synchronicity status discernible through the IsSynchronized property. When IsSynchronized yields a true value, the Dictionary is considered suitable for operation in a multi-threaded setting. In these scenarios, it's common practice to employ the SyncRoot property to obtain an object that serves as a synchronization reference for interacting with or updating the Dictionary across various threads.
5. Keys
A list of keys stored within the HybridDictionary can be obtained by accessing the Keys property of the HybridDictionary class in C#. This property provides an ICollection that holds all the keys, maintaining the original order in which they were inserted into the Dictionary.
Syntax:
It has the following syntax:
ICollection keys = hybridDictionary.Keys;
Example:
Let's consider a scenario to demonstrate the Keys property of HybridDictionary in C#.
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
class C# Tutorial
{
static void Main()
{
// Creating a HybridDictionary
HybridDictionary hybrid_Dict = new HybridDictionary();
// Adding key-value pairs
hybrid_Dict.Add("Mango", 1);
hybrid_Dict.Add("Apple", 2);
hybrid_Dict.Add("Orange", 3);
// Accessing the Keys property
ICollection keys = hybrid_Dict.Keys;
// Iterating through the keys
Console.WriteLine("Keys in the HybridDictionary are:");
foreach (var key in keys)
{
Console.WriteLine(key);
}
}
}
Output:
Keys in the HybridDictionary are:
Mango
Apple
Orange
Explanation:
In this instance, a HybridDictionary is instantiated, filled with key-value pairs, and a set of keys is retrieved using the Keys property. Each key is displayed on the console and looped through using the foreach construct.
6. Values
The Value property of the HybridDictionary class in C# is employed to gather the values stored within the Dictionary. These values are retrieved in the sequence they were inserted into the HybridDictionary, and the collection is represented as an ICollection containing all the values. This feature offers a means to traverse through the values or execute tasks on them without making direct alterations to the Dictionary.
Syntax:
It has the following syntax:
ICollection values = hybridDictionary.Values;
Example:
Let's consider a scenario to demonstrate the Values attribute of HybridDictionary in C#.
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
// Creating a HybridDictionary
HybridDictionary hybrid_Dict = new HybridDictionary();
// Adding key-value pairs
hybrid_Dict.Add("Apple", 1);
hybrid_Dict.Add("Banana", 2);
hybrid_Dict.Add("Orang", 3);
// Accessing the Values property
ICollection values = hybrid_Dict.Values;
// Iterating through the values
Console.WriteLine("Values in the HybridDictionary are:");
foreach (var i in values)
{
Console.WriteLine(i);
}
}
}
Output:
Values in the HybridDictionary are:
1
2
3
Explanation:
In this instance, the numbers (1, 2, 3) in the sequence they were inserted into the HybridDictionary are retrieved as an ICollection through hybridDict.Values. Subsequently, the values are looped through and displayed on the console using the foreach construct.
7. SyncRoot
In order to guarantee thread safety in scenarios where multiple threads are accessing or altering the Dictionary simultaneously, the HybridDictionary class in C# provides a SyncRoot property designed for obtaining an object that serves as a synchronization point. This property yields an object that can be employed in conjunction with the lock statement to synchronize access to the HybridDictionary.
Syntax:
It has the following syntax:
object syncRoot = hybridDictionary.SyncRoot;
Example:
Let's consider a scenario to demonstrate the SyncRoot property of HybridDictionary in C#.
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Threading;
class C# Tutorial
{
static void Main()
{
// Creating a HybridDictionary
HybridDictionary hybrid_Dict = new HybridDictionary();
// Adding key-value pairs
hybrid_Dict.Add("one", 1);
hybrid_Dict.Add("two", 2);
hybrid_Dict.Add("three", 3);
// Accessing the SyncRoot property
object syncRoot = hybrid_Dict.SyncRoot;
// Using the SyncRoot object for synchronization
lock (syncRoot)
{
// Perform thread-safe operations on the HybridDictionary here
Console.WriteLine("Accessing HybridDictionary in a thread-safe manner.");
foreach (DictionaryEntry entry in hybrid_Dict)
{
Console.WriteLine(entry.Key + ": " + entry.Value);
}
}
}
}
Output:
Accessing HybridDictionary in a thread-safe manner.
one: 1
two: 2
three: 3
Explanation:
This illustration demonstrates the process of obtaining an object (syncRoot) that acts as a synchronization point by employing hybridDict.SyncRoot. Subsequently, the lock statement is applied with this synchronization object to guarantee exclusive access for a single thread to manipulate the HybridDictionary at any given moment.
8. Item [Indexer]
The Item property of the HybridDictionary in C# allows for accessing or changing the value linked to a specific key in the Dictionary, also known as the indexer. By employing square bracket notation, it offers a simple method to retrieve or update the value associated with a key.
Syntax:
It has the following synyax:
// Getting the value for a key
object value = hybridDictionary["key"];
// Setting the value for a key
hybridDictionary["newKey"] = newValue;
Example:
Let's consider a scenario to demonstrate the Item property of HybridDictionary in C#.
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
class C# Tutorial
{
static void Main()
{
// Creating a HybridDictionary
HybridDictionary hybrid_Dict = new HybridDictionary();
// Adding key-value pairs
hybrid_Dict.Add("one", 1);
hybrid_Dict.Add("two", 2);
hybrid_Dict.Add("three", 3);
// Using the Item property (indexer) to get the value
int valueForTwo = (int)hybrid_Dict["two"];
Console.WriteLine("Value for key 'two': " + valueForTwo);
// Using the Item property (indexer) to set a new value
hybrid_Dict["four"] = 4;
// Iterating through the Dictionary to show the updated content
Console.WriteLine("Updated HybridDictionary:");
foreach (DictionaryEntry entry in hybrid_Dict)
{
Console.WriteLine(entry.Key + ": " + entry.Value);
}
}
}
Output:
Value for key 'two': 2
Updated HybridDictionary:
one: 1
two: 2
three: 3
four: 4
Explanation:
In this instance, the Item attribute is employed to retrieve the value linked with the identifier "two" and assign a fresh value for the identifier "four" within the HybridDictionary. Subsequently, the script loops through the Dictionary to exhibit the revised content.
Constructors in HybridDictionary Class
There are four types of constructors in the HybridDictionary Class.
- HybridDictionary Constructor
- HybridDictionary(Boolean) constructor
- HybridDictionary(Int32) Constructor
- HybridDictionary(Int32, Boolean) Constructor
1. HybridDictionary Constructor
The HybridDictionary class is designed to provide a middle ground between the performance traits of a hash table and a list, making it ideal for situations where the collection size is subject to change.
Syntax:
It has the following syntax:
public HybridDictionary ();
Example:
Let's consider a scenario to demonstrate the usage of the HybridDictionary constructor in the C# programming language.
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
class C# Tutorial
{
static void Main()
{
// Creating an instance of HybridDictionary using the default constructor
HybridDictionary hybrid_Dictionary = new HybridDictionary();
// Adding key-value pairs
hybrid_Dictionary.Add("key1", "value1");
hybrid_Dictionary.Add("key2", "value2");
// Accessing values
string valueForKey2 = (string)hybrid_Dictionary["key2"];
// Displaying values
Console.WriteLine("Key-Value pairs in HybridDictionary:");
foreach (DictionaryEntry entry in hybrid_Dictionary)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Key: {entry.Key}, Value: {entry.Value}");
}
}
}
Output:
Key-Value pairs in HybridDictionary:
Key: key1, Value: value1
Key: key2, Value: value2
Explanation:
a. Using Directives
The code starts by utilizing directives to import the necessary namespaces. In this code, it includes System, System.Collections, and System.Collections.Specialized.
b. Class Declaration
The Demo class is declared.
c. Main Method
The primary function serves as the starting point of the application.
d. HybridDictionary Initialization
The default constructor for HybridDictionary is employed to instantiate an object named hybridDictionary: HybridDictionary hybridDictionary = new HybridDictionary;.
e. Adding Key-Value Pairs
By utilizing the Add function, a pair of key-value entries are inserted into the hybrid_Dictionary.
f. Accessing Values
The value linked to the key "key2" can be accessed using the indexer notation: string valueForKey2 = (string)hybrid_Dictionary["key2"];.
g. Displaying Values
The software loops through the hybrid_Dictionary by utilizing a foreach loop and displays a message on the console. It showcases both the key and the corresponding value for each entry.
2. HybridDictionary(Boolean) constructor
A dictionary implementation that adjusts its internal data structure based on the size of the collection is provided by the HybridDictionary class, commonly located in the "System.Collections.Specialized" namespace. In this theoretical situation, the HybridDictionary(Boolean) constructor is presented, enabling programmers to personalize the Dictionary's functionality.
Syntax:
It has the following syntax:
public HybridDictionary (bool caseInsensitive);
Parameters
Boolean: A boolean parameter indicating the preferred internal implementation method. When set to false, the Dictionary may opt for a list-based strategy, while setting it to true would prioritize a hash table-based approach.
Example:
Let's consider a scenario to demonstrate the HybridDictionary(Boolean) constructor in C#.
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
class C# Tutorial
{
static void Main()
{
// Hypothetical HybridDictionary(Boolean) constructor
HybridDictionary hybrid_Dictionary = new HybridDictionary(true);
// Adding key-value pairs
hybrid_Dictionary.Add("key1", "value1");
hybrid_Dictionary.Add("key2", "value2");
// Accessing values
string valueForKey2 = (string)hybrid_Dictionary["key2"];
// Displaying values
foreach (DictionaryEntry entry in hybrid_Dictionary)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Key: {entry.Key}, Value: {entry.Value}");
}
}
}
Output:
Key: key1, Value: value1
Key: key2, Value: value2
Explanation:
- A HybridDictionary instance is created with the boolean parameter set to false. HybridDictionary hybrid_Dictionary = new HybridDictionary(false); It may indicate that the Dictionary prefers a list-based method for smaller collections.
- Using the Add method, key-value pairs are added to the hybrid_Dictionary .
- The value associated with the key "key2" is retrieved using the indexer notation: string valueForKey2 = (string)hybrid_Dictionary["key2"];
- After that, the code uses a foreach loop iterates through the Dictionary, displaying each key-value pair.
3. HybridDictionary(Int32) Constructor
The HybridDictionary class provides a dictionary implementation that dynamically adjusts its internal data structure based on the collection size. This class is commonly located within the "System.Collections.Specialized" namespace. In this theoretical situation, the HybridDictionary(Int32) constructor is presented, enabling programmers to define an initial capacity for the dictionary.
Syntax:
It has the following syntax:
public HybridDictionary (int initialSize);
Parameters
Int32: An integer value that specifies the initial capacity desired for the HybridDictionary.
Example:
Let's consider an instance to demonstrate the constructor of HybridDictionary with an integer parameter in C#.
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
class C# Tutorial
{
static void Main()
{
// Creating an instance of HybridDictionary with an initial capacity
HybridDictionary hybrid_Dictionary = new HybridDictionary(10);
// Adding key-value pairs
hybrid_Dictionary.Add("key1", "value1");
hybrid_Dictionary.Add("key2", "value2");
// Accessing values
string valueForKey2 = (string)hybrid_Dictionary["key2"];
// Displaying values
foreach (DictionaryEntry entry in hybrid_Dictionary)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Key: {entry.Key}, Value: {entry.Value}");
}
}
}
Output:
Key: key1, Value: value1
Key: key2, Value: value2
Explanation:
In this imaginary scenario, the HybridDictionary constructor that takes an Int32 parameter is employed to instantiate a HybridDictionary object with an initial capacity set to 10. When a programmer is aware of the anticipated size of the Dictionary, it could be beneficial since it may decrease the need for frequent reallocations, potentially enhancing the overall performance.
4. HybridDictionary(Int32, Boolean) Constructor
In a theoretical situation where a constructor for HybridDictionary(Int32, Boolean) is added, it could be structured to enable programmers to set an initial capacity and a boolean parameter that impacts the internal operations of the HybridDictionary.
Syntax:
It has the following syntax:
public HybridDictionary (int initialSize, bool caseInsensitive);
Parameters
An Int32 parameter specifies the initial capacity desired for the HybridDictionary. It determines the initial number of key-value pairs that the Dictionary can hold before needing reallocation.
Boolean: A boolean parameter that impacts the internal strategy for implementation. When set to false, the Dictionary may opt for a method based on lists, whereas setting it to true could lead to a preference for a hash table-based method.
Example:
Let's consider a scenario to demonstrate the usage of the HybridDictionary(Int32, Boolean) constructor in the C# programming language.
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
class C# Tutorial
{
static void Main()
{
// Creating an instance of HybridDictionary with initial capacity and a boolean parameter
HybridDictionary hybrid_Dictionary = new HybridDictionary(10, true);
// Adding key-value pairs
hybrid_Dictionary.Add("key1", "value1");
hybrid_Dictionary.Add("key2", "value2");
// Accessing values
string valueForKey2 = (string)hybrid_Dictionary["key2"];
// Displaying values
foreach (DictionaryEntry entry in hybrid_Dictionary)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Key: {entry.Key}, Value: {entry.Value}");
}
}
}
Output:
Key: key1, Value: value1
Key: key2, Value: value2
Explanation:
In this instance, the HybridDictionary(10, true) constructor is employed to instantiate a HybridDictionary object with a starting capacity of 10 and a boolean parameter set to true.
The boolean parameter could be linked to an internal size limit. For instance, the list-oriented method could be employed when the count of key-value pairs in the Dictionary falls under a certain threshold. Alternatively, the hash table-driven method can be utilized.
Methods of HybridDictionary Class
There are multiple techniques available in the HybridDictionary Class in C#. Some primary functions of the HybridDictionary Class include:
1. Add
The add method within the HybridDictionary Class is employed to insert a new item into the Dictionary using a specified key and value pair.
Syntax:
It has the following syntax:
void Add(object key, object value);
Parameters
It represents the key of the item to include in the Dictionary.
The value represents the content of the element that will be included in the Dictionary.
Return Type
void: No value is returned by the Add function.
Example:
Let's consider a scenario to demonstrate the utilization of the add method within the HybridDictionary class in C#.
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
class C# Tutorial
{
public static void Main()
{ // Creating a HybridDictionary named myDict
HybridDictionary hybrid_Dict = new HybridDictionary();
// Adding key/value pairs in myDict
hybrid_Dict.Add(1, "Apple");
hybrid_Dict.Add(2, "Banana");
hybrid_Dict.Add(3, "Orange");
hybrid_Dict.Add(4, "Guava");
// To get a count of key/value pairs in myDict
Console.WriteLine("The total key/value pairs in myDict are: "
+ hybrid_Dict.Count);
// Displaying the key/value pairs in myDict
Console.WriteLine("The key/value pairs in myDict are: ");
foreach(DictionaryEntry i in hybrid_Dict)
{
Console.WriteLine(i.Key + " --> " + i.Value);
}
}
}
Output:
The total key/value pairs in myDict are: 4
The key/value pairs in myDict are:
1 --> Apple
2 --> Banana
3 --> Orange
4 --> Guava
Explanation:
The software generates a HybridDictionary, inserts multiple key-value pairs, indicates the total number of pairs, and subsequently exhibits each individual key-value association within the Dictionary.
2. Contains
The Contains method in the C# HybridDictionary class is employed to check the presence of a specific key within the dictionary. Its purpose is to ascertain the existence of an item associated with a particular key in the HybridDictionary.
Syntax:
It has the following syntax:
public bool Contains(object key);
Parameters
It serves as the essential element for locating within the HybridDictionary.
Return Type
bool: Returns true if a key exists within the HybridDictionary; otherwise, it returns false.
Example:
Let's consider a scenario to demonstrate the usage of the contains method within the HybridDictionary class in C#.
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
class C# Tutorial
{
static void Main()
{
// Creating a HybridDictionary
HybridDictionary hybrid_Dict = new HybridDictionary();
// Adding key/value pairs to the HybridDictionary
hybrid_Dict.Add("Key1", "Value1");
hybrid_Dict.Add("Key2", "Value2");
// Checking if the HybridDictionary contains a specific key
Console.WriteLine("Does the HybridDictionary contain Key1? " + hybrid_Dict.Contains("Key1"));
Console.WriteLine("Does the HybridDictionary contain Key3? " + hybrid_Dict.Contains("Key3"));
}
}
Output:
Does the HybridDictionary contain Key1? True
Does the HybridDictionary contain Key3? False
Explanation:
Essentially, the tutorial showcases the process of initializing a HybridDictionary, inserting key-value pairs into it, and subsequently employing the Contains method to verify the existence of specific keys. The resulting outputs indicate the presence or absence of the keys within the Dictionary.
3. Equals
The HybridDictionary class in C# contains its own defined Equals method within the class. This method is inherited from the Object class, which serves as the fundamental class for all data types in C#. When using the "Object.Equals" method, it verifies reference equality by checking if two object references are pointing to the exact same memory address.
Syntax
It has the following syntax:
public virtual bool Equals(object obj);
Parameters
obj: The object to be compared with the current object.
Return Type
The boolean function returns a value of true if the current Object matches the supplied Object; otherwise, it returns false.
Example:
Let's consider an example to demonstrate the usage of the equals method in the HybridDictionary class within C#.
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
class C# Tutorial
{
static void Main()
{
HybridDictionary dict_1 = new HybridDictionary();
HybridDictionary dict_2 = new HybridDictionary();
// Adding key-value pairs
dict_1.Add("Key1", "Value1");
dict_1.Add("Key2", "Value2");
dict_2.Add("Key1", "Value1");
dict_2.Add("Key2", "Value2");
// Using Equals to compare references
bool referenceEquality = object.Equals(dict_1, dict_2);
Console.WriteLine("Reference equality: " + referenceEquality); // Output: False (different references)
// Checking if key-value pairs are equal
bool contentEquality = DictionaryEquals(dict_1, dict_2);
Console.WriteLine("Content equality: " + contentEquality); // Output: True (same key-value pairs)
}
static bool DictionaryEquals(HybridDictionary dict_1, HybridDictionary dict_2)
{
// Check for nullity and reference equality
if (dict_1 == dict_2)
return true;
// Check for nullity
if (dict_1 == null || dict_2 == null)
return false;
// Check for content equality
return dict_1.Count == dict_2.Count && Object.Equals(dict_1["Key1"], dict_2["Key1"]) && object.Equals(dict_1["Key2"], dict_2["Key2"]);
}
}
Output:
Reference equality: False
Content equality: True
Explanation:
The DictionaryEquals method within the mentioned program is a specialized function that verifies if two occurrences of HybridDictionary contain identical content. Rather than evaluating the references, this function examines the key-value pairs for equality.
4. GetHashCode
The HybridDictionary class in C# does not have a direct implementation of the GetHashCode method. Instead, it inherits the GetHashCode method from the Object class, which serves as the root class for all types in C#. The Object.GetHashCode method is responsible for generating a hash code specific to the current Object. By default, the implementation offered by Object relies on the Object's reference to produce the hash code.
The standard operation of GetHashCode is to provide an integer value that signifies the memory location of the Object.
Syntax:
It has the following syntax:
public virtual int GetHashCode();
Return Type
int: It has a 32-bit signed integer hash code.
Example:
Let's consider a scenario to demonstrate the functionality of the GetHashCode method within the HybridDictionary class in the C# programming language.
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
class C# Tutorial
{
static void Main()
{
HybridDictionary dict_1 = new HybridDictionary();
HybridDictionary dict_2 = new HybridDictionary();
// Adding key-value pairs
dict_1.Add("Key1", "Value1");
dict_1.Add("Key2", "Value2");
dict_2.Add("Key1", "Value1");
dict_2.Add("Key2", "Value2");
// Using GetHashCode to compare hash codes
int hashCode_Dict1 = dict_1.GetHashCode();
int hashCode_Dict2 = dict_2.GetHashCode();
Console.WriteLine("HashCode of dict1: " + hashCode_Dict1);
Console.WriteLine("HashCode of dict2: " + hashCode_Dict2);
// Check if hash codes are equal (not guaranteed for different objects)
Console.WriteLine("Are hash codes equal? " + (hashCode_Dict1 == hashCode_Dict2)); // Output: False
}
}
Output:
HashCode of dict1: -1710425844
HashCode of dict2: -1323148927
Are hash codes equal? False
Explanation:
By default, the GetHashCode function typically provides an integer representing the memory location of the Object. Objects with identical values but distinct references generally yield distinct hash codes.
5. Clear
The Clear function within the HybridDictionary class in C# eliminates all items from the hybrid Dictionary, essentially restoring it to an empty state.
Syntax:
It has the following syntax:
public void Clear();
Parameters
The Clear function within the HybridDictionary class is of type void, indicating that it does not yield any output.
Clear: When invoked, the hybrid Dictionary becomes empty as all key-value pairs are deleted.
Example:
Let's consider a scenario to demonstrate the Clear method within the HybridDictionary class in C#.
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
class C# Tutorial
{
static void Main()
{
// Creating a HybridDictionary instance
HybridDictionary hybrid_Dictionary = new HybridDictionary();
// Adding key-value pairs to the HybridDictionary
hybrid_Dictionary.Add(1, "Apple");
hybrid_Dictionary.Add(2, "Banana");
hybrid_Dictionary.Add(3, "Orange");
// Displaying the elements before calling Clear()
Console.WriteLine("Elements before Clear():");
foreach (DictionaryEntry entry in hybrid_Dictionary)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Key: {entry.Key}, Value: {entry.Value}");
}
// Clearing the HybridDictionary
hybrid_Dictionary.Clear();
// Displaying the elements after calling Clear()
Console.WriteLine("Elements after Clear():");
foreach (DictionaryEntry entry in hybrid_Dictionary)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Key: {entry.Key}, Value: {entry.Value}");
}
}
}
Output:
Elements before Clear():
Key: 1, Value: Apple
Key: 2, Value: Banana
Key: 3, Value: Orange
Elements after Clear():
Explanation:
In this instance, all items within the HybridDictionary are removed by employing the Clear function. This approach proves beneficial when aiming to initiate a fresh collection and restore the Dictionary to its initial state. It's important to note that executing Clear results in the Dictionary being left devoid of any elements.
6. CopyTo(Array, Int32)
The CopyTo(Array, Int32) method of the HybridDictionary class in C# is designed to transfer the elements of the HybridDictionary into a one-dimensional array, starting at a specific index within the array. This functionality is commonly utilized for moving the elements of the HybridDictionary to another array for additional handling or modification purposes.
Syntax:
It has the following syntax:
public void CopyTo(Array array, int index);
Parameters
array: The one-dimensional array where the elements are transferred from the HybridDictionary. It is essential to use zero-based indexing for the array.
index: The starting point in the array, indicated by a zero-based index, from which the copying process initiates.
Example:
Let's consider an example to demonstrate the usage of the CopyTo(Array, Int32) method within the HybridDictionary class in C#.
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
class C# Tutorial
{
public static void Main()
{
// Creating a HybridDictionary named hybrid_Dict
HybridDictionary hybrid_Dict = new HybridDictionary();
// Adding key/value pairs in hybrid_Dict
hybrid_Dict.Add(1, "Apple");
hybrid_Dict.Add(2, "Banana");
hybrid_Dict.Add(3, "Orange");
DictionaryEntry[] my_Arr = new DictionaryEntry[hybrid_Dict.Count];
hybrid_Dict.CopyTo(my_Arr, 0);
for (int i = 0; i < my_Arr.Length; i++)
Console.WriteLine(my_Arr[i].Key + " --> "+ my_Arr[i].Value);
}
}
Output:
1 --> Apple
2 --> Banana
3 --> Orange
Explanation:
The script inserts key-value pairs, duplicates its components to a DictionaryEntry array, and subsequently showcases the key-value pairs from the array to illustrate the usage of a HybridDictionary.
7. GetEnumerator
An iterator that moves through the key-value pairs in the HybridDictionary can be acquired by invoking the GetEnumerator function within the C# HybridDictionary class. This function returns an IDictionaryEnumerator interface, enabling sequential, read-only access to the Dictionary's elements.
Syntax
public IDictionaryEnumerator GetEnumerator();
Return Type
An IDictionaryEnumerator is a type of enumerator designed for iterating over a group of key-value pairs within a collection.
Example:
Let's consider an instance to demonstrate the GetEnumerator method within the HybridDictionary class in C#.
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
class C# Tutorial
{
static void Main()
{
// Creating a HybridDictionary instance
HybridDictionary hybrid_Dictionary = new HybridDictionary();
// Adding key-value pairs to the HybridDictionary
hybrid_Dictionary.Add(1, "Apple");
hybrid_Dictionary.Add(2, "Banana");
hybrid_Dictionary.Add(3, "Orange");
// Obtaining an enumerator using GetEnumerator()
IDictionaryEnumerator enumerator = hybrid_Dictionary.GetEnumerator();
// Iterating through the key-value pairs using the enumerator
Console.WriteLine("Key-Value pairs in the HybridDictionary:");
while (enumerator.MoveNext())
{
Console.WriteLine($"Key: {enumerator.Key}, Value: {enumerator.Value}");
}
}
}
Output:
Key-Value pairs in the HybridDictionary:
Key: 1, Value: Apple
Key: 2, Value: Banana
Key: 3, Value: Orange
Explanation:
The following example demonstrates the creation of a HybridDictionary, the addition of key-value pairs, the retrieval of an enumerator using GetEnumerator, the iteration through the key-value pairs using the enumerator, and the output display on the console. This serves as a basic illustration of accessing and managing the elements within a HybridDictionary through its enumerator.
8. Remove(Object)
Utilize the remove(Object) function within the Dictionary class in C# to eliminate an item from the Dictionary based on a specific key. This function will not take effect if the Dictionary is unable to locate the specified key.
Syntax:
It has the following syntax:
public void Remove(object key);
Parameters
It represents the identifier of the element utilized for deletion from the HybridDictionary.
Example:
Let's consider an example to demonstrate the usage of the remove method within the HybridDictionary class in C#.
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
class C# Tutorial
{
static void Main()
{
// Creating a HybridDictionary instance
HybridDictionary hybrid_Dictionary = new HybridDictionary();
// Adding key-value pairs to the HybridDictionary
hybrid_Dictionary.Add(1, "Mango");
hybrid_Dictionary.Add(2, "Banana");
hybrid_Dictionary.Add(3, "Orange");
// Displaying the elements before removal
Console.WriteLine("Elements before removal:");
foreach (DictionaryEntry entry in hybrid_Dictionary)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Key: {entry.Key}, Value: {entry.Value}");
}
// Removing an element by key
hybrid_Dictionary.Remove(2);
// Displaying the elements after removal
Console.WriteLine("Elements after removal:");
foreach (DictionaryEntry entry in hybrid_Dictionary)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Key: {entry.Key}, Value: {entry.Value}");
}
}
}
Output:
Elements before removal:
Key: 1, Value: Mango
Key: 2, Value: Banana
Key: 3, Value: Orange
Elements after removal:
Key: 1, Value: Mango
Key: 3, Value: Orange
Explanation:
The code illustrates the process of initializing a HybridDictionary, inserting key-value pairs, deleting an item with a specific key, and then showcasing the elements both pre and post removal. The result will exhibit the successful elimination of the key-value pair linked to key 2 from the Dictionary.
9. GetType
The GetType function originates from the "System.Object" class, serving as the foundational class for all C# types. It is not exclusive to the HybridDictionary class in C#. Consequently, all classes in C# have access to the GetType method. When invoked, GetType returns an instance of the "System.Type" class, providing runtime type details of the current Object. This information includes the class name, declaring assembly, exposed methods, and additional metadata.
Syntax:
It has the following syntax:
public Type GetType ();
Parameters
The method is accessible externally due to the public keyword, allowing access from outside the class. An example within the "System.Object" class is the public method GetType, which can be invoked on any object instance.
Runtime type details are denoted by the Type class within the System namespace. The GetType method yields an object of this Type class.
GetType: This method is known by the name GetType. It is a commonly used method that is inherited by all classes in C# from the base class "System.Object."
Example:
Let's consider a scenario to demonstrate the functionality of the GetType method within the HybridDictionary class in C#.
using System;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
class C# Tutorial
{
static void Main()
{
// Create an instance of HybridDictionary
HybridDictionary hybrid_Dictionary = new HybridDictionary();
// Use GetType() to get the runtime type information
Type type = hybrid_Dictionary.GetType();
// Display some information about the type
Console.WriteLine("Type Name: " + type.FullName);
Console.WriteLine("Assembly: " + type.Assembly.FullName);
// Other information about the type can be accessed through the Type class
Console.WriteLine("Is Class: " + type.IsClass);
Console.WriteLine("Is Interface: " + type.IsInterface);
// You can also check if an object is of a specific type using GetType()
if (hybrid_Dictionary is HybridDictionary)
{
Console.WriteLine("The object is of type HybridDictionary");
}
}
}
Output:
Type Name: System.Collections.Specialized.HybridDictionary
Assembly: System, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089
Is Class: True
Is Interface: False
The Object is of type HybridDictionary
Explanation:
In this instance, a HybridDictionary object is invoked with the GetType method, allowing access to various characteristics of the type through the returned Type object.
10. ToString
The ToString function isn't exclusive to the HybridDictionary class within C#. Instead, it is inherited from the "System.Object" class, which serves as the root class for all types in C#. As a result, any class in C# has the ability to utilize the ToString method.
To acquire a string depiction of an object, employ the ToString method. Within subclasses, it's commonly redefined to offer a more significant string representation based on the distinctive attributes of the class.
Syntax:
It has the following syntax:
public override string ToString();
Example:
Let's consider an example to demonstrate the functionality of the ToString method within the HybridDictionary class in C#.
using System;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
class C# Tutorial
{
static void Main()
{
// Create an instance of HybridDictionary
HybridDictionary hybrid_Dictionary = new HybridDictionary();
hybrid_Dictionary.Add("Key1", "Value1");
hybrid_Dictionary.Add("Key2", "Value2");
// Use ToString() to get a string representation of the HybridDictionary
string hybrid_DictionaryString = hybrid_Dictionary.ToString();
// Display the string representation
Console.WriteLine("HybridDictionary as a string: " + hybrid_DictionaryString);
}
}
Output:
HybridDictionary as a string: System.Collections.Specialized.HybridDictionary
Explanation:
When the HybridDictionary object is combined with a string within the "Console.WriteLine" statement, the ToString method is automatically invoked. It is possible to explicitly invoke ToString if needed. Classes often redefine the ToString method to provide a personalized string representation. The standard implementation in Object class provides the complete type's qualified name.