C# Tutorial

The Core Java tutorial provided here caters to both students and professionals in the field. Java, a versatile programming language, is known for its object-oriented, class-based, concurrent, and secure nature, making it a popular choice among developers.

What is Java?

Java serves as both a programming language and a platform. It is known for its high level of abstraction, robustness, object-oriented structure, and security features.

The programming language Java was created by Sun Microsystems, currently a subsidiary of Oracle, in 1995. James Gosling is recognized as the creator of Java. Initially named Oak, the language had to be renamed to Java as Oak was already a trademarked company.

Platform refers to the hardware or software environment where a program operates. Java is considered a platform due to its Java Runtime Environment (JRE) and Application Programming Interface (API).

Java Example

Let's examine a Java programming demonstration. More information about the Hello World! illustration can be found on the following page.

public class Main{

    public static void main(String args[]){

     System.out.println("Hello, World!");

    }

}

Getting Started

Prior to starting the coding process, it is essential to configure your development environment. In Java development, having the Java Development Kit (JDK) is crucial as it provides tools such as the Java compiler. The JDK can be obtained from the Oracle website. Simply download the JDK and adhere to the installation guidelines based on your operating system.

After installing the JDK, developers can leverage a text editor or an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) such as IntelliJ IDEA, Eclipse, or NetBeans to create and execute Java code. These IDEs offer functionalities like code suggestion, debugging, and project organization, which are essential aids for software engineers.

Application

According to Sun Microsystems, 3 billion devices run Java. There are various devices where Java is currently used. Some of them are as follows:

• ✅ Desktop Applications such as Acrobat Reader, media player, antivirus, etc.
• ✅ Web Applications such as irctc.co.in, hello world.com, etc.
• ✅ Enterprise Applications such as banking applications.
• ✅ Mobile
• ✅ Embedded System
• ✅ Smart Card
• ✅ Robotics
• ✅ Games, etc.

Types of Java Applications

Java programming enables developers to create four different types of applications, which are as follows:

1) Standalone Application

Desktop applications, also referred to as standalone applications or window-based applications, are conventional software that requires installation on each device. Some instances of standalone applications include media players, antivirus programs, and more. In Java development, AWT and Swing are commonly utilized for crafting desktop applications.

2) Web Application

A server-side application responsible for generating dynamic web pages is commonly referred to as a web application. In the realm of Java development, technologies such as Servlet, JSP, Struts, Spring, Hibernate, JSF, and others are frequently employed to craft these web applications.

3) Enterprise Application

A software system that is spread across multiple locations, like banking software, is commonly referred to as an enterprise application. These types of applications offer benefits such as robust security measures, distributing workloads evenly through load balancing, and grouping resources efficiently via clustering. In the context of Java programming, Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) is the technology commonly employed to develop enterprise applications.

4) Mobile Application

A mobile application, commonly referred to as an app, is designed specifically for use on mobile devices. Presently, developers utilize Android and Java ME for crafting mobile applications.

Java Platforms / Editions

There are four platforms or editions of Java:

1) Java SE (Java Standard Edition)

This is a Java development environment that encompasses various Java programming APIs like java.lang, java.io, java.net, java.util, java.sql, java.math, and more. It covers fundamental concepts such as Object-Oriented Programming, Strings, Regular Expressions, Exceptions, Inner Classes, Multithreading, Input/Output Streams, Networking, Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT), Swing, Reflection, Collections, and so on.

2) Java EE (Java Enterprise Edition)

This platform is commonly utilized for creating web and enterprise applications within businesses. It is constructed based on the Java SE platform and covers a range of topics such as Servlet, JSP, Web Services, EJB, JPA, and more.

3) Java ME (Java Micro Edition)

This platform is specifically designed for mobile applications on a small scale.

4) JavaFX

This technology is employed for creating sophisticated web applications with the help of a minimalistic user interface API.

Prerequisite

In order to acquire Java proficiency, it is essential to possess a fundamental understanding of the C/C++ programming language.

Audience

Our tutorial on Java programming is crafted to assist individuals who are new to the language as well as those with more experience in the field.

Problem

C# Tutorial MCQs

1) In respect of Java, select the correct one.

• ✅ Java is a high-level, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language.
• ✅ Java is a low-level, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language.
• ✅ Java is a high-level, general-purpose, object-based programming language.
• ✅ Java is a high-level, general-purpose, native programming language.

Description: Java is a high-level, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language.

• ✅ High-Level- A programming language that is designed to make it easier for humans to understand and write.
• ✅ General Purpose- A "general-purpose programming language" can be used for a wide variety of applications across different domains.
• ✅ Object Oriented- Object-oriented programming is a paradigm that treats everything as an object . It supports encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction .

2) Which of the following Java editions is suitable for the development of web applications?

• ✅ Java ME
• ✅ Java SE
• ✅ Java EE
• ✅ Java FX

Description:

Java EE (Java Enterprise Edition) is a robust enterprise platform primarily utilized for the creation of web and enterprise applications. This platform is constructed on the foundation of the Java SE platform and encompasses various topics such as Servlet, JSP, Web Services, EJB, JPA, and more.

3) Java programming language is also known as…….?

Description:

The programming language Java was created by Sun Microsystems in 1995. Originally named Oak, the language had to be renamed to Java because Oak was already a registered company. This decision was made by James Gosling and his team.

4) Who invented Java Programming?

• ✅ Guido van Rossum
• ✅ James Gosling
• ✅ Dennis Ritchie
• ✅ Bjarne Stroustrup

Description:

The creation of Java programming language can be attributed to James Gosling, who spearheaded its development at Sun Microsystems back in 1995. James Gosling is widely recognized as the originator of Java and is often referred to as its founding figure.

5) What is the component employed for compiling, debugging, and running Java programs?

Description:

JDK is a core component of Java Environment and provides all the tools, executables and binaries required to compile, debug and execute a Java Program.

• ✅ What is the difference between JRE and JVM?
• ✅ Can we save the java source file without any name?
• ✅ Why java uses the concept of Unicode system?

Java Basics

Java Control Statements

• ✅ Java Control Statements
• ✅ Java If-else
• ✅ Java Switch
• ✅ Java For Loop
• ✅ Java While Loop
• ✅ Java Do While Loop
• ✅ Java Break
• ✅ Java Continue
• ✅ Java Comments
• ✅ Java Programs

Java Object Class

• ✅ Java OOPs Concepts
• ✅ Java Naming Conventions
• ✅ Object and Class in Java
• ✅ Constructor in Java
• ✅ static keyword in Java
• ✅ this keyword in Java

Methods in Java

• ✅ Methods in Java
• ✅ How to Call a Method in Java
• ✅ Recursion in Java
• ✅ Call By Value and Call By Reference in Java

Java Inheritance

• ✅ Inheritance in Java
• ✅ Aggregation in Java

Java Polymorphism

• ✅ Method Overloading in Java
• ✅ Method Overriding in Java
• ✅ Covariant Return Type in Java
• ✅ Java super keyword
• ✅ Java Instance Initializer block
• ✅ Java final keyword
• ✅ Polymorphism in Java
• ✅ Static and Dynamic Binding in Java
• ✅ Java instanceof operator

Java Abstraction

• ✅ Abstract class in Java
• ✅ Interface in Java
• ✅ Abstract class vs Interface

Java Encapsulation

• ✅ Package in Java
• ✅ Access Modifiers in Java
• ✅ Encapsulation in Java

Java Array

• ✅ Java Array
• ✅ Java Jagged Array
• ✅ Java Array Programs
• ✅ Java Array Methods

Java OOPs Misc

• ✅ Object class in Java
• ✅ Object Cloning
• ✅ Java Math class
• ✅ Wrapper Class in Java
• ✅ strictfp keyword
• ✅ javadoc tool
• ✅ Command Line Argument in Java
• ✅ Object vs Class
• ✅ Method Overloading vs Method Overriding

Java String

Java Regex

• ✅ Java Regex

Java Exception Handling

Java Inner Class

• ✅ Java inner class
• ✅ Member Inner class
• ✅ Anonymous Inner class
• ✅ Local Inner class
• ✅ static nested class
• ✅ Nested Interface

Java Multithreading

Java Synchronization

• ✅ Synchronization in java
• ✅ Java Synchronized Block
• ✅ Java Static Synchronization
• ✅ Deadlock in Java
• ✅ Inter-thread Communication in Java
• ✅ Interrupting a Thread in Java
• ✅ Reentrant Monitor in Java

Java Input/Output

Java File Handling

Java Serialization

• ✅ Java Serialization
• ✅ Java transient keyword

Java Networking

• ✅ Java Networking Concepts
• ✅ Socket Programming in Java
• ✅ Java URL class
• ✅ Java URLConnection class
• ✅ Java HttpURLConnection
• ✅ Java InetAddress class

Java Reflection

• ✅ Java Reflection API
• ✅ Java newInstance method
• ✅ javap tool
• ✅ creating javap tool
• ✅ How to Call private method from another class?

Java Memory Management

• ✅ Java Memory Management
• ✅ Stack vs Heap Memory in Java
• ✅ Java Garbage Collection
• ✅ How Garbage Collection Works in Java?
• ✅ Memory Leaks in Java

Java Collections

Data Structures in Java

• ✅ Data Structures in Java
• ✅ Linear Search in Java
• ✅ Binary Search in Java
• ✅ Insertion Sort in Java
• ✅ Selection Sort in Java
• ✅ Bubble Sort in Java
• ✅ Merge Sort in Java

Java JDBC

Java 8

• ✅ Java 8 Features

Java RMI

• ✅ Java RMI

Internationalization in Java

• ✅ Internationalization (i18N) in Java
• ✅ ResourceBundle class
• ✅ Internationalization with Date
• ✅ Internationalization with Time
• ✅ Internationalization with Number
• ✅ Internationalization with Currency