The Java Math class is an essential component of the Java programming language's standard library, providing a diverse set of mathematical functionalities. Within this class, developers can access static functions for executing fundamental arithmetic computations like min, max, random, round, and others. Moreover, it includes functionalities for advanced calculations such as determining logarithmic values and trigonometric operations.
The Java Math class offers a variety of functions for performing mathematical operations such as finding the minimum and maximum values, calculating averages, determining trigonometric functions like sine, cosine, and tangent, rounding numbers, and obtaining absolute values, among others.
In contrast to certain numeric methods in the StrictMath class, all versions of the corresponding function in the Math class are not mandated to produce identical results bit by bit. This flexibility allows for implementations that prioritize performance over strict reproducibility.
Java Math Methods Example
Example
Example
public class Main
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// abs() returns the absolute number
System.out.println("Absolute number is: " +Math.abs(-10));
// min() returns the minimum of two numbers
System.out.println("Minimum number is: " +Math.min(10, 20));
// max() returns the maximum of two numbers
System.out.println("Maximum number is: " +Math.max(10, 20));
// sqrt() returns the square root of given number
System.out.println("Square root of y is: " + Math.sqrt(49));
// pow() returns 10 power of 4 i.e. 10*10*10*10
System.out.println("Power of x and z is: " + Math.pow(10, 4));
// random() returns a random number
System.out.println("Random number is: " +(int)(Math.random()*10));
}
}
Output:
Output
Absolute number is: 10
Minimum number is: 10
Maximum number is: 20
Square root of y is: 7.0
Power of x and z is: 10000.0
Random number is: 7
Java Math Class Methods
A significant capability of the Math class is its functionality for manipulating floating-point values. These functions are designed to manage a range of mathematical operations related to decimals, fractions, as well as extremely large or small values. For instance, the Math.round function can round a floating-point value to the closest whole number, and Math.random is able to produce a random decimal between 0.0 and 1.0.
The Math class offers functionalities for handling angles and trigonometric operations. It contains functions for computing sine, cosine, and tangent values, along with their corresponding inverse functions. These functionalities are valuable for tasks such as determining distances and angles in geometric problems or replicating real-world scenarios in fields like physics and engineering.
Basic Math Methods
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
| Math.abs() | It will return the Absolute value of the given value. |
| Math.max() | It returns the Largest of two values. |
| Math.min() | It is used to return the Smallest of two values. |
| Math.round() | It is used to round of the decimal numbers to the nearest value. |
| Math.sqrt() | It is used to return the square root of a number. |
| Math.cbrt() | It is used to return the cube root of a number. |
| Math.pow() | It returns the value of first argument raised to the power to second argument. |
| Math.signum() | It is used to find the sign of a given value. |
| Math.ceil() | It is used to find the smallest integer value that is greater than or equal to the argument or mathematical integer. |
| Math.copySign() | It is used to find the Absolute value of first argument along with sign specified in second argument. |
| Math.nextAfter() | It is used to return the floating-point number adjacent to the first argument in the direction of the second argument. |
| Math.nextUp() | It returns the floating-point value adjacent to d in the direction of positive infinity. |
| Math.nextDown() | It returns the floating-point value adjacent to d in the direction of negative infinity. |
| Math.floor() | It is used to find the largest integer value which is less than or equal to the argument and is equal to the mathematical integer of a double value. |
| Math.floorDiv() | It is used to find the largest integer value that is less than or equal to the algebraic quotient. |
| Math.random() | It returns a double value with a positive sign, greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0. |
| Math.rint() | It returns the double value that is closest to the given argument and equal to mathematical integer. |
| Math.hypot() | It returns sqrt(x2+y2) without intermediate overflow or underflow. |
| Math.ulp() | It returns the size of an ulp of the argument. |
| Math.getExponent() | It is used to return the unbiased exponent used in the representation of a value. |
| Math.IEEEremainder() | It is used to calculate the remainder operation on two arguments as prescribed by the IEEE 754 standard and returns value. |
| Math.addExact() | It is used to return the sum of its arguments, throwing an exception if the result overflows an int or long. |
| Math.subtractExact() | It returns the difference of the arguments, throwing an exception if the result overflows an int. |
| Math.multiplyExact() | It is used to return the product of the arguments, throwing an exception if the result overflows an int or long. |
| Math.incrementExact() | It returns the argument incremented by one, throwing an exception if the result overflows an int. |
| Math.decrementExact() | It is used to return the argument decremented by one, throwing an exception if the result overflows an int or long. |
| Math.negateExact() | It is used to return the negation of the argument, throwing an exception if the result overflows an int or long. |
| Math.toIntExact() | It returns the value of the long argument, throwing an exception if the value overflows an int. |
Logarithmic Math Methods
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
| Math.log() | It returns the natural logarithm of a double value. |
| Math.log10() | It is used to return the base 10 logarithm of a double value. |
| Math.log1p() | It returns the natural logarithm of the sum of the argument and 1. |
| Math.exp() | It returns E raised to the power of a double value, where E is Euler's number and it is approximately equal to 2.71828. |
| Math.expm1() | It is used to calculate the power of E and subtract one from it. |
Trigonometric Math Methods
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
| Math.sin() | It is used to return the trigonometric Sine value of a Given double value. |
| Math.cos() | It is used to return the trigonometric Cosine value of a Given double value. |
| Math.tan() | It is used to return the trigonometric Tangent value of a Given double value. |
| Math.asin() | It is used to return the trigonometric Arc Sine value of a Given double value |
| Math.acos() | It is used to return the trigonometric Arc Cosine value of a Given double value. |
| Math.atan() | It is used to return the trigonometric Arc Tangent value of a Given double value. |
Hyperbolic Math Methods
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
| Math.sinh() | It is used to return the trigonometric Hyperbolic Cosine value of a Given double value. |
| Math.cosh() | It is used to return the trigonometric Hyperbolic Sine value of a Given double value. |
| Math.tanh() | It is used to return the trigonometric Hyperbolic Tangent value of a Given double value. |
Angular Math Methods
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
| Math.toDegrees | It is used to convert the specified Radians angle to equivalent angle measured in Degrees. |
| Math.toRadians | It is used to convert the specified Degrees angle to equivalent angle measured in Radians. |
Java Math Example 2
JavaMathExample1.java
Example
public class JavaMathExample1
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
double x = 28;
double y = 4;
// return the maximum of two numbers
System.out.println("Maximum number of x and y is: " +Math.max(x, y));
// return the square root of y
System.out.println("Square root of y is: " + Math.sqrt(y));
//returns 28 power of 4 i.e. 28*28*28*28
System.out.println("Power of x and y is: " + Math.pow(x, y));
// return the logarithm of given value
System.out.println("Logarithm of x is: " + Math.log(x));
System.out.println("Logarithm of y is: " + Math.log(y));
// return the logarithm of given value when base is 10
System.out.println("log10 of x is: " + Math.log10(x));
System.out.println("log10 of y is: " + Math.log10(y));
// return the log of x + 1
System.out.println("log1p of x is: " +Math.log1p(x));
// return a power of 2
System.out.println("exp of a is: " +Math.exp(x));
// return (a power of 2)-1
System.out.println("expm1 of a is: " +Math.expm1(x));
}
}
Output:
Output
Maximum number of x and y is: 28.0
Square root of y is: 2.0
Power of x and y is: 614656.0
Logarithm of x is: 3.332204510175204
Logarithm of y is: 1.3862943611198906
log10 of x is: 1.4471580313422192
log10 of y is: 0.6020599913279624
log1p of x is: 3.367295829986474
exp of a is: 1.446257064291475E12
expm1 of a is: 1.446257064290475E12
Java Math Example 3
JavaMathExample2.java
Example
public class JavaMathExample2
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
double a = 30;
// converting values to radian
double b = Math.toRadians(a);
// return the trigonometric sine of a
System.out.println("Sine value of a is: " +Math.sin(a));
// return the trigonometric cosine value of a
System.out.println("Cosine value of a is: " +Math.cos(a));
// return the trigonometric tangent value of a
System.out.println("Tangent value of a is: " +Math.tan(a));
// return the trigonometric arc sine of a
System.out.println("Sine value of a is: " +Math.asin(a));
// return the trigonometric arc cosine value of a
System.out.println("Cosine value of a is: " +Math.acos(a));
// return the trigonometric arc tangent value of a
System.out.println("Tangent value of a is: " +Math.atan(a));
// return the hyperbolic sine of a
System.out.println("Sine value of a is: " +Math.sinh(a));
// return the hyperbolic cosine value of a
System.out.println("Cosine value of a is: " +Math.cosh(a));
// return the hyperbolic tangent value of a
System.out.println("Tangent value of a is: " +Math.tanh(a));
}
}
Output:
Output
Sine value of a is: -0.9880316240928618
Cosine value of a is: 0.15425144988758405
Tangent value of a is: -6.405331196646276
Sine value of a is: NaN
Cosine value of a is: NaN
Tangent value of a is: 1.5374753309166493
Sine value of a is: 5.343237290762231E12
Cosine value of a is: 5.343237290762231E12
Tangent value of a is: 1.0
Java Math Example 4
Filename: MathDemo.java
Example
// Java program for demonstrating the features and functionalities of Java Math class with methods.
public class MathDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
double x = 28;
double y = 4;
// Basic arithmetic operations
System.out.println("Addition: " + (x + y));
System.out.println("Subtraction: " + (x - y));
System.out.println("Multiplication: " + (x * y));
System.out.println("Division: " + (x / y));
// Square root
System.out.println("Square root of " + x + ": " + Math.sqrt(x));
// Cube root
System.out.println("Cube root of " + x + ": " + Math.cbrt(x));
// Power
System.out.println("Power of " + x + " to " + y + ": " + Math.pow(x, y));
// Trigonometric functions
double angle = 45.0;
double radian = Math.toRadians(angle);
System.out.println("Sine of " + angle + " degrees: " + Math.sin(radian));
System.out.println("Cosine of " + angle + " degrees: " + Math.cos(radian));
System.out.println("Tangent of " + angle + " degrees: " + Math.tan(radian));
// Rounding
double value = -123.456;
System.out.println("Absolute value of " + value + ": " + Math.abs(value));
System.out.println("Ceil value of " + value + ": " + Math.ceil(value));
System.out.println("Floor value of " + value + ": " + Math.floor(value));
System.out.println("Round value of " + value + ": " + Math.round(value));
// Random numbers
System.out.println("Random number between 0.0 and 1.0: " + Math.random());
System.out.println("Random number between 0 and 100: " + (int) (Math.random() * 100));
// Maximum and minimum
double[] numbers = {10.5, 20.7, 5.2, 30.9};
System.out.println("Maximum value: " + Math.max(numbers[0], Math.max(numbers[1], Math.max(numbers[2], numbers[3]))));
System.out.println("Minimum value: " + Math.min(numbers[0], Math.min(numbers[1], Math.min(numbers[2], numbers[3]))));
// Exponential and logarithmic functions
System.out.println("e^" + x + ": " + Math.exp(x));
System.out.println("Logarithm base 10 of " + x + ": " + Math.log10(x));
System.out.println("Logarithm base e of " + x + ": " + Math.log(x));
// Hypotenuse
double side1 = 3.0;
double side2 = 4.0;
System.out.println("Hypotenuse of a right triangle with sides " + side1 + " and " + side2 + ": " + Math.hypot(side1, side2));
// Trigonometric functions (inverse)
double sinValue = 0.5;
System.out.println("Arcsine of " + sinValue + ": " + Math.toDegrees(Math.asin(sinValue)));
System.out.println("Arccosine of " + sinValue + ": " + Math.toDegrees(Math.acos(sinValue)));
System.out.println("Arctangent of " + sinValue + ": " + Math.toDegrees(Math.atan(sinValue)));
// Constants
System.out.println("Value of PI: " + Math.PI);
System.out.println("Value of E: " + Math.E);
}
}
Output:
Output
Addition: 32.0
Subtraction: 24.0
Multiplication: 112.0
Division: 7.0
Square root of 28.0: 5.291502622129181
Cube root of 28.0: 3.0365889718756627
Power of 28.0 to 4.0: 614656.0
Sine of 45.0 degrees: 0.7071067811865475
Cosine of 45.0 degrees: 0.7071067811865476
Tangent of 45.0 degrees: 0.9999999999999999
Absolute value of -123.456: 123.456
Ceil value of -123.456: -123.0
Floor value of -123.456: -124.0
Round value of -123.456: -123
Random number between 0.0 and 1.0: 0.40493356810101455
Random number between 0 and 100: 61
Maximum value: 30.9
Minimum value: 5.2
e^28.0: 1.446257064291475E12
Logarithm base 10 of 28.0: 1.4471580313422192
Logarithm base e of 28.0: 3.332204510175204
Hypotenuse of a right triangle with sides 3.0 and 4.0: 5.0
Arcsine of 0.5: 30.000000000000004
Arccosine of 0.5: 60.00000000000001
Arctangent of 0.5: 26.56505117707799
Value of PI: 3.141592653589793
Value of E: 2.718281828459045
The Math class provides functions for computing exponential and logarithmic operations. For instance, Math.exp computes the exponential value of e to a specified power, and Math.log determines the natural logarithm of a given number. These functionalities play a crucial role in various mathematical and scientific computations.
To sum up, the Java Math class offers a wide array of mathematical functions crucial for numerous programming assignments. Whether you are handling fundamental arithmetic operations, dealing with trigonometric calculations, or computing exponential functions, the Math class is your go-to resource. Its extensive collection of methods equips developers with a robust solution for tackling a diverse range of mathematical challenges.